SAP ERP Financials User's Guide

Heinz Forsthuber, Jörg Siebert

Аннотация

This book focuses on the practical, day-to-day requirements of working with SAP ERP Financials. It guides users through the various Financial Accounting functions step-by-step: documents, account reports, special postings, automatic procedures, accounts receivable accounting, accounts payable accounting, general ledger accounting, closing operations, and asset accounting. Whether you are already an experienced user, or new to the world of SAP ERP Financials, you are guaranteed to find volumes of useful tips and tricks designed to help maximize your daily work.

Comprehensive coverage of SAP ERP Financials: Learn how to make the best use of SAP ERP Financials in your daily work with comprehensive coverage of SAP General Ledger and much more.

Tips and tricks for daily work: Maximize your time and avoid mistakes with numerous tips and tricks designed to help you get the most out of common tasks, features and programs.

Step-by-step walkthroughs: Master even the most complex functions in SAP ERP Financials using step-by-step walkthroughs enhanced with screenshots and sample scenarios.

Up-to-date for SAP ERP 6.0: Understand and leverage the new features in SAP ERP Financials and SAP Financial Supply Chain Management (FSCM).

Helpful additional resources: Pinpoint the answers you need immediately in the detailed appendices, which include menu paths, a full glossary, and a complete index.

Рассматриваемые вопросы

• Overview of the Innovations in SAP ERP 6.0
• General Ledger Accounting
• Accounts Receivable Accounting
• Accounts Payable Accounting
• Asset Accounting
• Bank Accounting
• Closing Operations

Авторская справка

Heinz Forsthuber is an experienced SAP consultant and trainer, focusing on Financial Accounting, Controlling, and Materials Management. Currently, he works as an inhouse consultant in the public sector. From 1996 to 2003, Jörg Siebert worked in the Financial Accounting area at SAP as a consultant and trainer. He joined Regional Solution Sales at SAP in 2003 and is the author of several books published by SAP PRESS.

Оглавление

1 ... Overview ... 19
... 1.1 ... Reports and Transaction Codes ... 20
... 1.2 ... Real-Time Processing and the Document Principle ... 21
... 1.3 ... SAP R/3 Replaces SAP R/2 ... 22
... 1.4 ... Integration ... 26
... 1.5 ... SAP ERP Replaces SAP R/3 ... 26
... 1.6 ... New Features in SAP ERP Financials (Release 6.0) ... 29
... ... 1.6.1 ... Release Upgrade ... 32
... ... 1.6.2 ... Enhancement Package ... 33
... ... 1.6.3 ... Maintenance Strategy ... 35
... 1.7 ... Conclusion ... 36

2 ... General Ledger Accounting ... 39
... 2.1 ... Basic Principles ... 39
... ... 2.1.1 ... Cost and Activity Accounting ... 40
... ... 2.1.2 ... Objectives of General Ledger Accounting ... 41
... ... 2.1.3 ... Configuring the System ... 41
... ... 2.1.4 ... Client ... 42
... ... 2.1.5 ... Chart of Accounts ... 42
... ... 2.1.6 ... Company Code ... 42
... ... 2.1.7 ... Business Area ... 43
... ... 2.1.8 ... Profit Center ... 43
... ... 2.1.9 ... Controlling Area ... 44
... 2.2 ... FI-GL Component ... 45
... 2.3 ... Master Data ... 47
... ... 2.3.1 ... Setting Up G/L Account Master Data ... 48
... ... 2.3.2 ... Maintaining G/L Accounts of Chart of Accounts Segment ... 49
... ... 2.3.3 ... Maintaining G/L Accounts of Company Code Segment ... 53
... ... 2.3.4 ... Changing G/L Account Master Data ... 59
... ... 2.3.5 ... Blocking G/L Accounts ... 62
... 2.4 ... Documents in the SAP System ... 63
... ... 2.4.1 ... Document Layout ... 63
... ... 2.4.2 ... Document Header ... 64
... ... 2.4.3 ... Document Type ... 66
... ... 2.4.4 ... Document Items ... 69
... ... 2.4.5 ... Posting Key ... 71
... ... 2.4.6 ... Special G/L Indicator ... 73
... 2.5 ... Document Entry ... 74
... ... 2.5.1 ... Entering G/L Account Postings ... 74
... ... 2.5.2 ... Entry Tools ... 78
... 2.6 ... New General Ledger in SAP ERP Financials ... 84
... ... 2.6.1 ... Overview ... 84
... ... 2.6.2 ... Evaluation Report for Accenture GmbH ... 90
... 2.7 ... Evaluations in General Ledger Accounting ... 98
... ... 2.7.1 ... Journal ... 98
... ... 2.7.2 ... Balance Sheet ... 101
... 2.8 ... Conclusion ... 103

3 ... Accounts Payable Accounting ... 105
... 3.1 ... Business Principles ... 105
... 3.2 ... FI-AP Software Component ... 106
... 3.3 ... Master Data ... 106
... ... 3.3.1 ... Structure of the Vendor Master Data ... 106
... ... 3.3.2 ... Creating a Vendor Account ... 108
... ... 3.3.3 ... Blocking a Vendor Account ... 116
... 3.4 ... One-Time Vendor ... 117
... 3.5 ... Overview of the Integrated Business Transaction ... 119
... 3.6 ... Entering Incoming Invoices ... 122
... ... 3.6.1 ... General Posting ... 122
... ... 3.6.2 ... Single-Screen Transaction in FI ... 125
... ... 3.6.3 ... Fast Data Entry ... 126
... ... 3.6.4 ... Invoice Verification in MM ... 128
... 3.7 ... Automated Payment Transactions ... 130
... ... 3.7.1 ... Payment Methods in SAP Systems ... 131
... ... 3.7.2 ... Payment Block Reasons ... 132
... ... 3.7.3 ... Accessing the Payment Program ... 133
... ... 3.7.4 ... Payment Proposal ... 138
... ... 3.7.5 ... Executing the Payment Run ... 144
... 3.8 ... Manual Outgoing Payments ... 146
... ... 3.8.1 ... Complete Clearing ... 146
... ... 3.8.2 ... Residual Items ... 149
... ... 3.8.3 ... Partial Payment ... 152
... 3.9 ... Evaluations in Accounts Payable Accounting ... 154
... ... 3.9.1 ... Confirmation of Critical Modifications ... 154
... ... 3.9.2 ... Open Item Due Date Analysis ... 156
... ... 3.9.3 ... Vendor Information System ... 158
... 3.10 ... Conclusion ... 161

4 ... Accounts Receivable Accounting ... 163
... 4.1 ... Business Principles ... 163
... 4.2 ... FI-AR Component ... 165
... 4.3 ... Master Data ... 166
... ... 4.3.1 ... Creating a Customer Account ... 167
... ... 4.3.2 ... Blocking a Customer Account ... 179
... ... 4.3.3 ... Archiving of Customer Master Records ... 180
... 4.4 ... Overview of the Integrated Business Transaction ... 182
... 4.5 ... Monitoring Credit Lines with SAP Credit Management ... 185
... 4.6 ... Customer Interaction with SAP Biller Direct ... 193
... 4.7 ... Clarifying Payment Deductions with SAP Dispute Management ... 200
... 4.8 ... Dunning Procedure by Telephone with SAP Collections Management ... 209
... 4.9 ... Dunning Procedure by Mail ... 217
... ... 4.9.1 ... Introduction to the Dunning Program ... 218
... ... 4.9.2 ... Maintaining Parameters ... 219
... ... 4.9.3 ... Creating the Dunning Proposal ... 224
... ... 4.9.4 ... Processing the Dunning Proposal ... 226
... ... 4.9.5 ... Printing Dunning Letters ... 232
... 4.10 ... Evaluations in Accounts Receivable ... 236
... ... 4.10.1 ... Customer List ... 236
... ... 4.10.2 ... Customer Balances ... 239
... ... 4.10.3 ... Customer Payment History ... 241
... ... 4.10.4 ... Accounts Receivable Info System ... 243
... ... 4.10.5 ... SAP Credit Management ... 254
... ... 4.10.6 ... SAP Dispute Management ... 255
... ... 4.10.7 ... SAP Collections Management ... 258
... 4.11 ... Conclusion ... 259

5 ... Asset Accounting ... 261
... 5.1 ... Business Principles ... 261
... 5.2 ... The SAP Software Component FI-AA ... 262
... ... 5.2.1 ... Chart of Accounts and Chart of Depreciation ... 263
... ... 5.2.2 ... Depreciation Area ... 264
... ... 5.2.3 ... Valuation Parameters ... 266
... ... 5.2.4 ... Value Transfer to General Ledger ... 267
... ... 5.2.5 ... Derived Depreciation Areas ... 268
... ... 5.2.6 ... Integration into Controlling ... 268
... ... 5.2.7 ... Integration Considerations ... 269
... 5.3 ... Master Data ... 271
... ... 5.3.1 ... Group Level: Asset Class ... 272
... ... 5.3.2 ... Asset-Related Level: Group Asset and Subnumber ... 274
... ... 5.3.3 ... Creating Asset Master Records ... 275
... ... 5.3.4 ... Changing an Asset Master Record ... 282
... ... 5.3.5 ... The Asset Subnumber ... 284
... ... 5.3.6 ... Blocking an Asset Master Record ... 285
... 5.4 ... Asset Transactions ... 287
... ... 5.4.1 ... Transaction Types for Asset Transactions ... 287
... ... 5.4.2 ... Document Types for Asset Acquisition ... 288
... ... 5.4.3 ... Posting an Asset Acquisition ... 288
... ... 5.4.4 ... FI-AA with Integrated Accounts Payable Accounting Without a Purchase Order Reference ... 289
... ... 5.4.5 ... FI-AA Without Integrated Accounts Payable Accounting and Without a Purchase Order Reference ... 295
... ... 5.4.6 ... Acquisition in MM with Integrated Accounts Payable Accounting and a Purchase Order Reference ... 297
... ... 5.4.7 ... Depreciation ... 301
... ... 5.4.8 ... Asset Retirement ... 305
... ... 5.4.9 ... Asset Transfer ... 310
... 5.5 ... Evaluations in Asset Accounting ... 314
... ... 5.5.1 ... Asset Balance ... 314
... ... 5.5.2 ... Directory of Unposted Assets ... 316
... 5.6 ... Effects of New General Ledger on FI-AA ... 318
... ... 5.6.1 ... Use of Delta Depreciation Area for Parallel Financial Reporting ... 318
... ... 5.6.2 ... Better Support for the Gross Procedure ... 320
... 5.7 ... Conclusion ... 321

6 ... Bank Accounting ... 323
... 6.1 ... Business Principles ... 323
... 6.2 ... The FI-BL Component ... 324
... 6.3 ... Master Data ... 324
... 6.4 ... Consequences of Introducing SEPA ... 328
... 6.5 ... Payment Transactions and Bank Communication ... 332
... ... 6.5.1 ... Incoming Payments ... 332
... ... 6.5.2 ... Outgoing Payments ... 336
... ... 6.5.3 ... Bank Communication ... 341
... 6.6 ... Processing Bank Statements ... 351
... 6.7 ... Cash Journal ... 359
... 6.8 ... Check Deposit Transaction ... 369
... 6.9 ... Evaluations in Bank Accounting ... 376
... ... 6.9.1 ... Liquidity Forecast ... 376
... ... 6.9.2 ... Check Register ... 380
... 6.10 ... Conclusion ... 382

7 ... Closing Operations ... 383
... 7.1 ... Basic Business Principles ... 383
... 7.2 ... Management of Parked Documents ... 386
... 7.3 ... Automatic Maintenance of the GR/IR Account ... 389
... 7.4 ... Transfer of Salaries and Wages ... 397
... 7.5 ... Provisions ... 401
... 7.6 ... Periodic Accruals and Deferrals ... 409
... ... 7.6.1 ... Recurring Entry Documents ... 410
... ... 7.6.2 ... Accrual Engine ... 415
... 7.7 ... Asset Accounting ... 421
... ... 7.7.1 ... Assets Under Construction (AuCs ... 422
... ... 7.7.2 ... Asset Inventory ... 430
... ... 7.7.3 ... Depreciation Posting Run ... 436
... ... 7.7.4 ... Asset History Sheet ... 450
... 7.8 ... Value Adjustments ... 453
... ... 7.8.1 ... Individual Value Adjustments ... 453
... ... 7.8.2 ... Flat-Rate Value Adjustment ... 457
... 7.9 ... Foreign Currency Valuation ... 465
... 7.10 ... Interest Calculation ... 474
... 7.11 ... Reconciliation Measures ... 479
... ... 7.11.1 ... Manual Checking of Postings ... 479
... ... 7.11.2 ... Technical Reconciliation of Transaction Figures ... 483
... 7.12 ... Intercompany Reconciliation ... 486
... 7.13 ... Reclassification ... 498
... 7.14 ... Balance Confirmations ... 504
... 7.15 ... Period Control ... 511
... 7.16 ... Tax on Sales and Purchases ... 515
... 7.17 ... Balance Carryforward ... 523
... 7.18 ... Conclusion ... 529

A ... Basic Principles of the SAP System ... 533
... A.1 ... Operating SAP ERP ... 533
... A.2 ... Introduction ... 533
... A.3 ... Logon ... 534
... ... A.3.1 ... Password Rules ... 535
... A.4 ... Logon Procedures ... 536
... A.5 ... User Interface ... 536
... A.6 ... Navigation ... 538
... ... A.6.1 ... Navigation via the Menu ... 538
... ... A.6.2 ... Navigation via Transaction Codes ... 539
... ... A.6.3 ... Favorites Maintenance ... 541
... ... A.6.4 ... Navigation via the Toolbar ... 543
... A.7 ... Data Entry ... 543
... A.8 ... User Settings ... 544
... ... A.8.1 ... User Interface Settings ... 544
... ... A.8.2 ... Options ... 545
... ... A.8.3 ... Personal Data ... 547
... A.9 ... Message Types ... 551
... A.10 ... Sessions ... 552
... A.11 ... Storing Data ... 553
... A.12 ... The SAP Library ... 553
... A.13 ... The SAP Glossary ... 553
... A.14 ... Logoff ... 554

B ... Glossary ... 555

C ... Menu Paths ... 563
... C.1 ... Chapter 2—General Ledger Accounting ... 563
... ... C.1.1 ... Master Data ... 563
... ... C.1.2 ... Documents in the SAP System ... 563
... ... C.1.3 ... Evaluations ... 563
... C.2 ... Chapter 3—Accounts Payable Accounting ... 563
... ... C.2.1 ... Master Data ... 563
... ... C.2.2 ... Entering Incoming Invoices ... 564
... ... C.2.3 ... Payment Transactions ... 564
... ... C.2.4 ... Evaluations in Accounts Payable Accounting ... 564
... C.3 ... Chapter 4—Accounts Receivable Accounting ... 565
... ... C.3.1 ... Master Data ... 565
... ... C.3.2 ... Overview of the Integrated Business Transaction ... 565
... ... C.3.3 ... Monitoring Credit Lines ... 565
... ... C.3.4 ... Clarifying Payment Deductions ... 565
... ... C.3.5 ... Dunning Procedure by Telephone ... 565
... ... C.3.6 ... Evaluations ... 566
... C.4 ... Chapter 5—Asset Accounting ... 566
... ... C.4.1 ... Master Data ... 566
... ... C.4.2 ... Business Transactions ... 567
... ... C.4.3 ... Evaluations ... 567
... C.5 ... Chapter 6—Bank Accounting ... 567
... ... C.5.1 ... Master Data ... 567
... ... C.5.2 ... Payment Transactions and Bank Communication ... 567
... ... C.5.3 ... Processing Bank Statements ... 568
... ... C.5.4 ... Cash Journal ... 568
... ... C.5.5 ... Check Deposit Transaction ... 568
... ... C.5.6 ... Evaluations ... 568
... C.6 ... Chapter 7—Closing Operations ... 568
... ... C.6.1 ... Management of Parked Documents ... 568
... ... C.6.2 ... Automatic Maintenance of the GR/IR Account ... 569
... ... C.6.3 ... Recurring Entry Documents ... 569
... ... C.6.4 ... Accrual Engine ... 569
... ... C.6.5 ... Assets Under Construction ... 569
... ... C.6.6 ... Depreciation Posting Run ... 570
... ... C.6.7 ... Value Adjustments ... 570
... ... C.6.8 ... Foreign Currency Valuation ... 571
... ... C.6.9 ... Interest Calculation ... 571
... ... C.6.10 ... Reconciliation Measures ... 571
... ... C.6.11 ... Intercompany Reconciliation ... 571
... ... C.6.12 ... Reclassification ... 572
... ... C.6.13 ... Period Control ... 572
... ... C.6.14 ... Tax on Sales/Purchases ... 572
... ... C.6.15 ... Balance Carryforward ... 572

D ... Sample Closing Procedure Document ... 573

E ... Additional Sources of Information ... 577
... Books ... 577

F ... The Authors ... 579